slr_hi_wave_fld_2_pt_0_ft

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Identification_Information
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group (CGG)
Originator: Tiffany Anderson
Originator: Charles Fletcher
Publication_Date: 20171221
Title: slr_hi_wave_fld_2_pt_0_ft
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data

Description:

Abstract:: Hawaii is exposed to large waves annually on all open coasts due to its location in the Central North Pacific Ocean. The distance over which waves run-up and wash across the shoreline will increase with sea level rise. As water levels increase, less wave energy will be dissipated through breaking on nearshore reefs and waves will arrive at a higher elevation at the shoreline. Computer model simulations of future annual high wave flooding were conducted by the University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group using the XBeach (for eXtreme Beach behavior) numerical model developed by a consortium of research institutions. The model propagates the maximum annually recurring wave, calculated from offshore wave buoy data, over the reef and to the shore along one-dimensional (1D) cross-shore profiles extracted from a 1-meter DEM. Profiles are spaced 20 meters apart along the coast. This approach was used to model the transformation of the wave as it breaks across the reef and includes shallow water wave processes such as wave set-up and overtopping. The IPCC AR5 RCP8.5 sea level rise scenario was used in modeling exposure to annual high wave flooding from sea level rise at 0.5, 1.1, 2.0, and 3.2 feet. This particular layer depicts annual high wave flooding using the 2.0-ft (0.5991-m) sea level rise scenario. While the RCP8.5 predicts that this scenario would be reached by the year 2075, questions remain around the exact timing of sea level rise and recent observations and projections suggest a sooner arrival. Historical data used to model annual high wave flooding include hourly measurements of significant wave height, peak wave period, and peak wave direction, and was acquired from offshore wave buoy data from PacIOOS. Maximum surface elevation and depth of the annual high wave flooding is calculated from the mean of the five highest modeled water elevations at each model location along each profile. Output from the simulations is interpolated between transects and compiled in a 5-meter map grid. Depth grid cells with values less than 10 centimeters are not included in the impact assessment. This was done to remove very thin layers of water excursions that (1) are beyond the accuracy of the model and (2) might not constitute a significant impact to land and resources when only occurring once annually. Any low-lying flooded areas that are not connected to the ocean are also removed. Annual high wave flood modeling covered wave-exposed coasts with low-lying development on Maui, Oahu, and Kauai. Annual high wave flooding was not available for the islands of Hawaii, Molokai, and Lanai, nor for harbors or other back-reef areas throughout all the islands. Additional studies would be needed to add the annual high wave flooding for those areas. The maximum annually recurring wave parameters (significant wave height, period, direction) were statistically determined using historical wave climate records and do not include potential changes in future wave climate, the effects of storm surge, or less-frequent high wave events (e.g., a 1-in-10 year wave event). In some locations, the extent of flooding modeled was limited by the extent of the 1-meter DEM. Changes in shoreline location due to coastal erosion are not included in this modeling. As shorelines retreat, annual high wave flooding will reach farther inland along retreating shorelines. Waves are propagated along a "bare earth" DEM which is void of shoreline structures, buildings, and vegetation, and waves are assumed to flow over an impermeable surface. The DEM represents a land surface at one particular time, and may not be representative of the beach shape during the season of most severe wave impact, particularly for highly variable north and west-exposed beaches. Undesirable artifacts of 1D modeling include over-predicted flooding along some transects with deep, shore-perpendicular indentations in the sea bottom such as nearshore reef channels. The 1D modeling does not account for the presence of nearby shallow reef which refracts and dissipates some of the wave energy traveling through the channel toward the shore. Wave flooding modeling may be improved in future efforts by employing more complex and data-intensive 2D modeling and through local field experiments. Data compiled by the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) for the Hawaii Sea Level Rise Viewer hosted at <http://pacioos.org/shoreline/slr-hawaii/>. For further information, please see the Hawaii Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report: <http://climateadaptation.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/SLR-Report_Dec2017.pdf>
Purpose:: Estimated annual high wave flooding, modeled using a 2.0 foot sea level rise scenario.

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -159.789253
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.332095
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.231007
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.617648

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD Science Keywords
Theme_Keyword: Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Waves > Wave Runup
Theme_Keyword:: Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Sea Level Rise > Inundation
Theme_Keyword: Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Environmental Impacts
Theme_Keyword: Earth Science > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Sea Level Rise
Theme_Keyword: Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Natural Hazards > Floods

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: environment

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD Location Keywords
Place_Keyword: Continent > North America > United States Of America > Hawaii
Place_Keyword:: Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui
Place_Keyword:: Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands
Place_Keyword:: Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu
Place_Keyword:: Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kauai

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

Use Limitation: Based on the methodology of sea level rise modeling used in the Hawaii Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report (Report) and the Hawaii Sea Level Rise Viewer (Viewer), having gone through peer review and publication in the Nature Journal Scientific Reports, the results of this study are sufficiently validated to be appropriately used in land management decisions as the best available information as of the date of publication of the Report, December 2017, consistent with the intent of Act 83 SLH 2014 as amended. This Report is intended to provide a state-wide assessment of Hawaii's vulnerability to sea level rise. The location of projected impacts and economic costs from damages are estimates based on a particular sea level rise scenario. The hazard and vulnerability data and maps provided herein are based on observational data and computer-based models as described in the Report and in published research (Anderson et al., 2018). As with all models, it is important to understand the methods, assumptions, limitations, and uncertainties of the methods used. The risks associated with use or non-use of the results are assumed by the user.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group (CGG)
Contact_Person: Charles Fletcher

Contact_Voice_Telephone: Unknown

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fletcher@soest.hawaii.edu

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name:: <http://pacioos.org/metadata/browse/hi_hcgg_all_wave_flood_2075.png>
Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Sample image.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG

Data_Set_Credit: SOEST, UH CGG, PacIOOS

Native_Data_Set_Environment: Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.6.1.9270

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector

Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 3

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Map_Projection:

Map_Projection_Name: NAD 1983 HARN UTM Zone 4N

Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -159.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 0.0001
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.0001

Planar_Distance_Units: meter

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D North American 1983 HARN
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: slr_hi_wave_fld_2_pt_0_ft

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Attribute_Label: OBJECTID

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Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri

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Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri

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Attribute_Label: Id

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Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri

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Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)

Contact_Voice_Telephone: Unknown

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: info@pacioos.org

Distribution_Liability: Unknown

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: GeoServer
Format_Information_Content:: This URL provides access to this dataset via GeoServer, which offers multiple output formats and an OpenLayers viewer.

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address: